Preservation of protein fraction and hormones of placental blood serum after freeze - drying

Abstract

Modern medicine, especially in military and emergency settings, requires eff ective and logistically convenient dosage forms suitable for use at all stages of hospitalization. Lyophilized preparations meet these requirements, as they are characterized by high physical and chemical stability, a long shelf life, no need for special storage conditions; their minimal weight and volume facilitate transportation, while their rapid rehydration ensures ease of use [32]. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) complicated by hypothermia is a common problem among military personnel and civilians in combat zones, particularly in Ukraine. Th is is due to the fact that injuries oft en occur in conditions of low temperatures, the absence of adequate shelter, and complicated or delayed evacuation [6, 30]. A signifi cant proportion of victims sustain injuries against the background of general hypothermia, as evidenced by the consistent incidence of hypothermia among the wounded [6, 10, 25, 30]. Hypothermia can signifi - cantly exacerbate the consequences of TBI, contributing to the development of infl ammatory processes, coagulopathy, microcirculatory disorders, and an increased risk of secondary brain injury, making this combination one of the most dangerous clinical conditions in modern warfare. Furthermore, hypothermia is an independent risk factor for mortality following combat-related injuries, being associated with increased mortality [6, 30] and poorer clinical outcomes in trauma patients [25, 29, 31]. Given the above, the current task is to improve existing treatment approaches and search for innovative multitargeted therapy methods. One of the modern biomedical approaches to the eff ective restoration of damaged organs and regulatory systems is the use of placental derivatives, particularly placental blood components such as cells, plasma, serum, etc. Th ese components possess unique therapeutic potential and play a critical role in the regeneration of damaged tissue by suppressing infl ammatory reactions and apoptosis, inducing angiogenesis, and activating regenerative processes [19, 22, 23, 27]. Placental derivatives have been shown to possess immunomodulatory properties [16] and demonstrate effi cacy in the treatment of heart failure [21]. Th ey have also been found to improve the course of experimental encephalomyelitis [26], ischemic stroke, experimental Parkinson’s disease, and spinal cord injuries [13—15], stimulate the regeneration of nervous tissue and exhibit neuroprotectiveproperties [11]. Th ese studies underscore the potent multitargeted therapeutic eff ect of placental derivatives, which is mediated through reparative and regulatory processes. The unique profile of biologically active substances of placental blood serum (PBS), including proteins, hormones, cytokines, growth factors, neurotrophic factors and immunomodulators, determines its regenerative, anti-infl ammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective properties [17, 23]. Th is provides a rationale for the potential effi cacy of PBS in mitigating the consequences of concussive injury complicated by hypothermia. Given the signifi cant therapeutic potential of PBS, ensuring the long-term preservation of its biological properties remains a primary objective. Freeze-drying, as one of the most eff ective methods for preserving PBS, can potentially ensure the maximum stability of its components. However, the effi cacy of this process largely depends on the initial composition of the source material. It is well established that PBS composition is characterized by high variability and is infl uenced by several factors, particularly the clinical features of pregnancy and labor [5, 8, 20, 24]. This necessitates a rigorousselection of placental blood samples for further experimental and clinical use, taking into account the maternal medical history, the course of pregnancy and childbirth, and the presence of gestationalcomplications. Thus, given that both the course of pregnancy and freeze-drying can aff ect the content of biologically active compounds in the PBS, which are potentially capable of having a corrective eff ect in TBI against the background of hypothermia, the aim of the work was to study the safety of placental blood serum aft er freeze-drying, taking into account the course of pregnancy in parturient women.