Вплив фенілгідразину на чутливість еритроцитів ссавців до гіпертонічного шоку

Abstract

Досліджували вплив обробки фенілгідразином на чутливість еритроцитів ссавців до гіпертонічного шоку після часткової попередньої дегідратації. Було показано, що захисний ефект дегідратації для частково зневоднених клітин людини, бика і коня зберігався навіть в умовах попередньої обробки фенілгідразином. В той час як для дегідратованих еритроцитів щура спостерігалося збільшення

гіпертонічної чутливості після дії фенілгідразину. Це свідчить про те, що захисна дія дегідратації на еритро- цити ссавців ймовірно не пов’язана зі змінами в цитоскелет-мембранному комплексі. Більш ймовірним є

зменшення механічної напруги на мембрані внаслідок зниження градієнта осмотично активних речовин між

внутрішньоклітинним і позаклітинним середовищем, що призводить до зниження механічного навантажен- ня і зменшення пошкодження клітин.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The study of the effects of various types of stress on cells is one of the most important directions of modern biological science. The investigation of the mechanisms individual cell’s adaptation to adverse environmental conditions will allow the development of techniques that will increase the rates of their survival and improve their functioning under stress. In our work, we have studied the erythrocytes of mammals, which are critically important for a living organism and are often subjected to negative influences of different types. Hypertonic shock, which is one of the major factors of damage to cryopreservation, was chosen to test cell’s ability to withstand hostile conditions. The obtained results indicate that the protective effect of dehydration is manifested for human, bovine, horse

and rat erythrocytes at a temperature of 37°C and 0°C. The exception is bull’s erythrocytes, which had no decrease in hemolysis at 0°C. The degree of protection is different for the investigated mammal species, which may be due to the peculiarities in the organization of the cytoskeleton-membrane complex, or different diffusion permeability for the membrane water of the investigated mammals. For a deeper study of the effects of dehydration, a membrane modifier phenylhydrazine was selected, which is known to primarily affect the cytoskeleton complex of the membrane by degrading main cytosolic proteins and spectrin, causing the oxidation of hemoglobin and changing its interactions with the membrane skeleton. All of this leads to an increase in stiffness of the membrane and a decrease in the ability of the cell to deform. It has been shown that the protective effect of dehydration on human, bovine and horse cells was preserved even after pretreatment with phenylhydrazine. While for dehydrated rat erythrocytes an increase in hypertonic sensitivity was observed under the influence of phenylhydrazine. Thus, the modification of erythrocytes with phenylhydrazine does not change the effect of dehydration on most of the species in question. This suggests that the protective effect of dehydration on mammalian erythrocytes is probably unrelated to changes in the cytoskeleton-membrane complex. This effect is probably related with reduction of the mechanical stress on the membrane due to a decrease in the gradient of osmotically active substances between the intracellular and extracellular media, which leads to a decrease in mechanical load and a decrease in cell damage.