Amphiphiles protect human erythrocytes under posthypertonic shock

Abstract

This research is devoted to a comparative study of the effect of amphiphiles, differing by physicochemical properties on the sensitivity of erythrocytes under post-hypertonic shock. Posthypertonic shock simulates the influence on cells of cryodamage factors, acting at erythrocyte thawing stage, as well as when that of cells, cryopreserved under protection of penetrating cryoprotective agent are transferred into bloodstream (1). Post-hypertonic shock (PHS) of erythrocytes was initiated by transferring cells from dehydration medium (1.65 mol/L NaCl) into rehydration one (0.15 mol/L NaCl) at 0°С. The various classes of amphiphiles (anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate, non-ionic decyl-β,Dglucopyranoside, and cationic trifluoperazine) were used. Amphiphiles were supplemented into rehydration medium prior to transferring the cell. Amphiphiles were shown to protectively affect erythrocytes in various extents. Under these conditions, decyl-β,D-glucopyranoside and trifluoperazine were more effective, for which maximum antihemolytic activity are recorded at a level of ~60%, in contrast to sodium dodecyl sulfate, which maximum antihemolytic activity was 2 times lower (~30%). A comparative study of the efficiency of amphiphiles under post-hypertonic shock of erythrocytes showed the differences in the size of concentration plateau and the values of effective concentrations. A narrowing of the plateau was revealed in a series: decyl-β,D-glucopyranoside ˃ trifluoperazine ˃ sodium dodecyl sulfate. Decyl-β,D-glucopyranoside characterize the maximum effective concentration (1,000 μmol/L) and the minimal one for sodium dodecyl sulfate (50 μmol/L). The obtained results suggest that the effectiveness of amphiphiles under PHS conditions of erythrocytes is associated with their ability to integrate into membrane, possibly, to the defect formation areas. This is accompanied by an increase in membrane surface area and, therefore, in critical hemolytic volume of cells, which allows them to swell to a larger volume in rehydration medium.